Two leading experts are shown the same details which were available to the clinical team at the time of treatment. Each suggests their course of action, providing justification from published data, and where available the imaging and relevant pathology.

The actual management of the patient is then provided, and readers are then given the opportunity to contribute their own proposed course of treatment, to be reviewed by the Editor and added to the debate.

Case Histories

Case 1
A 62-year-old male was referred with a diagnosis of renovascular disease. His past history included cervical spondylosis, a transitional carcinoma of the bladder three years previously and resistant hypertension for the last year...

Case 2
The ASTRAL trial is designed to address the issue of whether renal arterial revascularisation with balloon angioplasty and/or endovascular stenting can safely prevent progressive renal failure among a wide range of patients with ARVD...

Case 3
Aortic stent placement and the effect on renal function is not well described in the literature. Although approximately 50 aortic stents have been placed in this hospital this is the first case referred to the nephrology unit because of co-existing renal artery stenosis.